The animal Sumatran Rhinos

 Sumatran Rhinos

Sumatran rhinoceros, also known as rhino-haired rhinoceros or Rhino rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), are a rare species of the Rhinocerotidae family and belong to one of the five extinct species of rhinoceros. The Sumatran rhino is the only preserved species of the genus Dicerorhinus. This rhinoceros is the smallest rhinoceros, though still belonging to a large mammal. Height 112-145 cm to shoulder, with total body length and head 2.36-3.18 m, and tail length 35-70 cm. The reported weight ranges from 500 to 1,000 kg, with an average of 700-800 kg, although there is a record of a specimen weighing 2,000 kg. As with African rhinoceros species, Sumatran rhino has two horns; the larger is the nasal horn, usually 15-25 cm, while the other horn is usually shaped like a base. Most of the bodies of Sumatran rhinos are covered with reddish brown hair.
This species once inhabited rain forests, swamps and mountain forests in India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and China. Historically, the Sumatran rhinos lived in the southwestern part of China, especially in Sichuan. They are now threatened with extinction, with only six large populations in the wild: four in Sumatra, one in Borneo, and one in Peninsular Malaysia. Sumatran rhino numbers are difficult to determine because they are widely dispersed animals, but it can be estimated that there are less than 100 individuals. There are doubts about the survival of the population in Peninsular Malaysia, and one of the populations in Sumatra may already be extinct. Their current number is probably only 80 tails. In 2015, researchers announced that the east Sumatran rhino in northern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia) has become extinct.
In most of its lifetime, the Sumatran rhinoceros is an aloof animal, except during the mating period and maintains offspring. They are the most vocal rhinoceros species and also communicate by marking the ground with their feet, twisting a small tree to form a pattern, and leaving behind its droppings. This species is much better to learn than the same closed Javan Rhino, in part because of a program that brings 40 Sumatran rhinos into ex-situ conservation in order to preserve the species. This program is even considered a disaster by its pemrakarsanya; most of the rhino dies and no offspring are produced for nearly 20 years, thus depicting a population decline that is even worse than its habitat in the wild.

Sumatran Rhino Framework.

The ancestor of the rhinoceros once strayed from other odd-bred animals in Early Eocene. Comparison of mitochondrial DNA suggests that the ancestors of modern rhino were separated from the ancestor of Equidae some 50 million years ago. The surviving family, Rhinocerotidae, first appeared in the Late Eocene in Eurasia, and the ancestral extinct species of rhinos now begin to spread from Asia during the Miocene.


The Sumatran rhino is thought to be at least a hereditary character of a rhinoceros species that still exists today, since its characteristics are more similar to its Miocene ancestors: 13 The paleontological evidence in the fossil record shows the origin of the Dicerorhinus genus from the Early Miocene, between 23-16 million years ago . Many fossils have been classified as the genus Dicerorhinus, but no other new species in this genus. The molecular dating shows the occurrence of Dicerorhinus splits from the other four species that remained at 25.9 ± 1.9 million years ago. Three hypotheses have been proposed regarding the relationship between Sumatran rhinoceros and other extant species. One hypothesis states that the Sumatran rhinoceros is closely related to the white and black rhino in Africa, as evidenced by the existence of a species having two horns instead of one. Other taxonomists consider the Sumatran rhino to be a close relative (sister taxon) of Javan rhinoceros and India, because their distribution overlaps so closely. A third hypothesis, which is based on more recent analysis, suggests that two African rhinoceroses, two Asian rhinoceros and Sumatran rhino represent three essentially different and distinctly different bloodlines since about 25.9 million years ago; it remains unclear which group first deviates.
Because of the morphological similarity, the Sumatran rhinoceros is believed to be closely related to the extinct woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis). The woolly woolly rhinoceros, so named because of its hair coating as in the Sumatran rhinoceros, first appeared in China; at the time of the Late Pleistocene, the rhinoceros spread throughout the Eurasian continent from Korea to Spain. Woolly rhinoceros survived the last ice age, but just like the woolly mammoths, most or all of them went extinct about 10,000 years ago. Although some morphological studies question the relationship between the two species, recent molecular analyzes support the assumption that both are closely related (sister taxa).